The international development of Total Quality has given rise to the appearance of various Total Quality management models, also known as Excellence Models.
These models are used for two purposes:
- As tools for the organisations to carry out their self-assessment or self-diagnosis and then establish their improvement plans.
- As tools for external assessment, which may enable the organisation to be eligible for the awards and distinctions which currently exist in many countries.
Management models.
The three most commonly used Total Quality management models are shown below. Hundreds of experts contribute ideas to the models every year.
| Model |
Year founded |
Organising body |
| Deming |
1951 |
JUSE (Japan) |
| Malcolm
Baldrige |
1987 |
Malcolm Baldrige Quality Prize Foundation (USA) |
| E.F.Q.M. |
1988 |
European Foundation for Quality Management (Europe) |
|
The EFQM Model..
Having recognised the potential for obtaining competitive advantage in Europe through the application of Total Quality management, in 1988, 14 leading European companies took the initiative to create the European Foundation for Quality Management (E.F.Q.M.). It currently has more than 1,000 members from most of the European countries and from all business sectors and non-profit making organisations.
EFQM has a twofold mission:
- To provide support for European companies in their speeding the process to turn Total Quality management into a decisive element to obtain global competitive advantage.
- To encourage and support the participation of all Western European bodies in activities designed to improve Quality and promote the Quality culture.
The Total Quality management model is based on the following premise:
| Customer and Employee Satisfaction and Impact on Society are achieved through Leadership which drives the Policy and Strategy, the People in the Organisation, the Alliances and Resources and the Processes towards achieving excellence in the Results of the Organisation. |
|
This principle can be graphically expressed as below:
